Cups to grams converter

By Fidamen-Chefsolver Team | Reviewed by Ugo Candido | Updated August 31, 2026

There is no single grams value for a cup, because cups measure volume and grams measure mass. The conversion depends on the ingredient — and, for flours and sugars, on how you fill the cup. Pick an ingredient below and the calculator shows the weight together with the record it comes from.

AmountUnit

Ingredient

Cup standard

Common amounts

120 gramsTraceable conversion

1 cup · All-purpose flour · Spooned and levelled · US customary cup

Conversion receipt

Ingredient and state: All-purpose flour — Spooned and levelled
ChefSolver standard: 120 g / US customary cup
Cup standard: US customary cup — 236.5882 mL
Measurement method: Spoon into the cup and level; do not pack
Kitchen variability: Moderate variability
Documented record span: 120–125 g / US customary cup (2)
Evidence status: Published source record · Direct source measure · Tier B — authoritative test-kitchen reference
Source: King Arthur Baking Ingredient Weight Chart
Source record: All-Purpose Flour · 1 cup = 120 g
Record ID: KAB:all-purpose-flour:1-cup
Cup definition: NIST Guide to the SI, Appendix B — https://www.nist.gov/pml/special-publication-811/nist-guide-si-appendix-b-conversion-factors
Last reviewed: August 17, 2026

Other documented records for this ingredient and state

125 g per cup — All-purpose flour — density record · USDA FoodData Central — SR Legacy · 0.528 g/mL × 236.5882 mL = 124.9 g

How this number was produced

The cited source publishes this measure for this ingredient and state.

Direct match to the published spoon-and-level baking reference.

Technique and product differences move the result noticeably.

Common cups to grams conversions

Every cell is calculated from the same evidence-backed record the calculator uses. Ingredient names link to their dedicated page.

Ingredient	¼	⅓	½	¾	1	1½	2
All-purpose flour	30 g	40 g	60 g	90 g	120 g	180 g	240 g
Granulated sugar	50 g	67 g	100 g	150 g	200 g	300 g	400 g
Butter	57 g	76 g	114 g	170 g	227 g	341 g	454 g
Water	59 g	79 g	119 g	178 g	237 g	356 g	474 g
Milk (whole)	61 g	82 g	123 g	184 g	245 g	368 g	490 g
Honey	85 g	113 g	170 g	255 g	340 g	510 g	680 g
Cocoa powder	21 g	28 g	43 g	64 g	85 g	128 g	170 g
Rolled oats	23 g	30 g	45 g	68 g	90 g	135 g	180 g

Full cups to grams chart (54 records)

Values are per US customary cup (236.588 mL) in the state named in each row. Search or filter by category; the table scrolls sideways on small screens.

Gram values are reference standards, not guarantees for a specific bag of flour. Brand, moisture, humidity and technique all move the number — which is why every row names its record and its variability.

All categories

Ingredient	State	¼	⅓	½	¾	1	1½	2	Source
All-purpose flour	Spooned and levelled	30 g	40 g	60 g	90 g	120 g	180 g	240 g	King Arthur Baking Ingredient Weight Chart B
All-purpose flour (scooped)	Scooped or packed	36 g	48 g	72 g	108 g	144 g	216 g	288 g	USDA FoodData Central — SR Legacy A
Almond flour	Spooned and levelled	24 g	32 g	48 g	72 g	96 g	144 g	192 g	King Arthur Baking Ingredient Weight Chart B
Bread flour	Spooned and levelled	32 g	42 g	64 g	95 g	127 g	191 g	254 g	USDA FoodData Central — SR Legacy A
Cake flour	Spooned and levelled	34 g	46 g	69 g	103 g	137 g	206 g	274 g	USDA FoodData Central — SR Legacy A
Chickpea flour	Spooned and levelled	23 g	31 g	46 g	69 g	92 g	138 g	184 g	USDA FoodData Central — SR Legacy A
Coconut flour	Spooned and levelled	32 g	43 g	64 g	96 g	128 g	192 g	256 g	King Arthur Baking Ingredient Weight Chart B
Oat flour	Spooned and levelled	26 g	35 g	52 g	78 g	104 g	156 g	208 g	USDA FoodData Central — SR Legacy A
Rice flour	Spooned and levelled	36 g	47 g	71 g	107 g	142 g	213 g	284 g	King Arthur Baking Ingredient Weight Chart B
Rye flour	Spooned and levelled	27 g	35 g	53 g	80 g	106 g	159 g	212 g	King Arthur Baking Ingredient Weight Chart B
Semolina	Spooned and levelled	42 g	56 g	84 g	125 g	167 g	251 g	334 g	USDA FoodData Central — SR Legacy A
Sifted all-purpose flour	Sifted before measuring	28 g	37 g	55 g	83 g	110 g	165 g	220 g	ChefSolver density audit and normalization protocol D
Spelt flour	Spooned and levelled	25 g	33 g	50 g	74 g	99 g	149 g	198 g	King Arthur Baking Ingredient Weight Chart B
Whole wheat flour	Spooned and levelled	30 g	40 g	60 g	90 g	120 g	180 g	240 g	USDA FoodData Central — SR Legacy A
Brown sugar (packed)	Firmly packed	55 g	73 g	110 g	165 g	220 g	330 g	440 g	King Arthur Baking Ingredient Weight Chart B
Coconut sugar	As sold, no preparation	42 g	55 g	83 g	125 g	166 g	249 g	332 g	USDA FoodData Central A
Granulated sugar	As sold, no preparation	50 g	67 g	100 g	150 g	200 g	300 g	400 g	King Arthur Baking Ingredient Weight Chart B
Powdered sugar (unsifted)	Unsifted	30 g	40 g	60 g	90 g	120 g	180 g	240 g	USDA FoodData Central — SR Legacy A
Butter	As sold, no preparation	57 g	76 g	114 g	170 g	227 g	341 g	454 g	USDA FoodData Central — SR Legacy A
Olive oil	As sold, no preparation	54 g	72 g	108 g	162 g	216 g	324 g	432 g	USDA FoodData Central A
Vegetable oil	As sold, no preparation	55 g	73 g	109 g	164 g	218 g	327 g	436 g	USDA FoodData Central — SR Legacy A
Almond milk (unsweetened)	As sold, no preparation	61 g	81 g	122 g	183 g	244 g	366 g	488 g	USDA FoodData Central A
Coconut milk (canned)	Stirred before measuring	57 g	75 g	113 g	170 g	226 g	339 g	452 g	USDA FoodData Central — SR Legacy A
Evaporated milk	As sold, no preparation	63 g	84 g	126 g	189 g	252 g	378 g	504 g	USDA FoodData Central — SR Legacy A
Honey	As sold, no preparation	85 g	113 g	170 g	255 g	340 g	510 g	680 g	King Arthur Baking Ingredient Weight Chart B
Maple syrup	As sold, no preparation	79 g	105 g	158 g	236 g	315 g	473 g	630 g	USDA FoodData Central — SR Legacy A
Milk (whole)	As sold, no preparation	61 g	82 g	123 g	184 g	245 g	368 g	490 g	USDA FoodData Central — SR Legacy A
Oat milk	As sold, no preparation	61 g	81 g	122 g	183 g	244 g	366 g	488 g	USDA FoodData Central A
Sweetened condensed milk	As sold, no preparation	78 g	104 g	156 g	234 g	312 g	468 g	624 g	USDA FoodData Central A
Water	As sold, no preparation	59 g	79 g	119 g	178 g	237 g	356 g	474 g	USDA FoodData Central A
Cottage cheese	Stirred before measuring	57 g	76 g	114 g	170 g	227 g	341 g	454 g	King Arthur Baking Ingredient Weight Chart B
Cream cheese	As sold, no preparation	58 g	77 g	116 g	174 g	232 g	348 g	464 g	USDA FoodData Central — SR Legacy A
Greek yogurt (plain)	Stirred before measuring	61 g	82 g	123 g	184 g	245 g	368 g	490 g	USDA FoodData Central A
Plain yogurt (not strained)	Stirred before measuring	61 g	82 g	123 g	184 g	245 g	368 g	490 g	USDA FoodData Central — SR Legacy A
Brown rice (uncooked)	Uncooked / dry	46 g	62 g	93 g	139 g	185 g	278 g	370 g	USDA FoodData Central — SR Legacy A
Instant oats (dry)	Uncooked / dry	19 g	25 g	38 g	57 g	76 g	114 g	152 g	USDA FoodData Central A
Rolled oats	Loose fill	23 g	30 g	45 g	68 g	90 g	135 g	180 g	King Arthur Baking Ingredient Weight Chart B
Steel-cut oats (dry)	Uncooked / dry	40 g	54 g	81 g	121 g	161 g	242 g	322 g	USDA FoodData Central A
White rice (cooked)	Cooked	39 g	51 g	77 g	116 g	154 g	231 g	308 g	ChefSolver ingredient density table D
White rice (uncooked)	Uncooked / dry	46 g	62 g	93 g	139 g	185 g	278 g	370 g	ChefSolver density audit and normalization protocol D
Almond butter	As sold, no preparation	63 g	83 g	125 g	188 g	250 g	375 g	500 g	USDA FoodData Central — SR Legacy A
Almonds (sliced)	Sliced / flaked	23 g	31 g	46 g	69 g	92 g	138 g	184 g	USDA FoodData Central A
Almonds (whole)	Whole	36 g	48 g	72 g	107 g	143 g	215 g	286 g	USDA FoodData Central — SR Legacy A
Cashews (chopped)	Chopped	33 g	43 g	65 g	98 g	130 g	195 g	260 g	USDA FoodData Central A
Chopped nuts	Chopped	30 g	40 g	60 g	90 g	120 g	180 g	240 g	ChefSolver density audit and normalization protocol D
Peanut butter	As sold, no preparation	63 g	84 g	127 g	190 g	253 g	380 g	506 g	USDA FoodData Central A
Pecans (chopped)	Chopped	27 g	36 g	55 g	82 g	109 g	164 g	218 g	USDA FoodData Central A
Walnuts (chopped)	Chopped	29 g	39 g	59 g	88 g	117 g	176 g	234 g	USDA FoodData Central — SR Legacy A
Breadcrumbs (dry)	Loose fill	28 g	37 g	55 g	83 g	110 g	165 g	220 g	King Arthur Baking Ingredient Weight Chart B
Chocolate chips	Loose fill	43 g	57 g	85 g	128 g	170 g	255 g	340 g	King Arthur Baking Ingredient Weight Chart B
Cocoa powder	Spooned and levelled	21 g	28 g	43 g	64 g	85 g	128 g	170 g	King Arthur Baking Ingredient Weight Chart B
Cornstarch	Spooned and levelled	30 g	40 g	60 g	90 g	120 g	180 g	240 g	USDA FoodData Central — SR Legacy A
Salt (table)	As sold, no preparation	72 g	96 g	144 g	216 g	288 g	432 g	576 g	King Arthur Baking Ingredient Weight Chart B
Mayonnaise	As sold, no preparation	56 g	75 g	113 g	169 g	225 g	338 g	450 g	King Arthur Baking Ingredient Weight Chart B

Evidence for every record

One panel per ingredient and state: the selected standard, the record it came from, how it was normalized, how much it can vary in a kitchen and when it was last reviewed.

All-purpose flour Spooned and levelled · 120 g per cup · Published source record

Selected standard: 120 g / US customary cup
Source: King Arthur Baking Ingredient Weight Chart · Tier B — authoritative test-kitchen reference
Source record: All-Purpose Flour · 1 cup = 120 g
Record ID: KAB:all-purpose-flour:1-cup
Basis: Direct source measure
Evidence status: Published source record — The cited source publishes this measure for this ingredient and state.
Kitchen variability: Moderate variability — Technique and product differences move the result noticeably.
Documented record span: 120–125 g (2)
Why this value: Direct match to the published spoon-and-level baking reference.
Last reviewed: August 17, 2026
Dedicated ingredient page: All-purpose flour

Other documented records

125 g per cup — All-purpose flour — density record · USDA FoodData Central — SR Legacy · 0.528 g/mL × 236.5882 mL = 124.9 g

All-purpose flour (scooped) Scooped or packed · 144 g per cup · Derived, reproducible

Selected standard: 144 g / US customary cup
Source: USDA FoodData Central — SR Legacy · Tier A — government / primary quantitative data
Source record: All-purpose flour (scooped) — density record · 1 mL = 0.61 g
Record ID: INGREDIENTS-BASE:flour_ap:density-packed
Normalization: 0.61 g/mL × 236.5882 mL = 144.3 g
Basis: Density × cup volume
Evidence status: Derived, reproducible — Computed from a stored density record and the cup definition; the arithmetic is shown so you can reproduce it.
Kitchen variability: High variability — Technique, particle size or product choice can move the result a lot; weigh if precision matters.
Why this value: Stored density record flour_ap = 0.61 g/mL (packed density field); 0.61 × 236.5882365 mL = 144.3 g, rounded to 144 g per US customary cup.
Last reviewed: August 17, 2026
Dedicated ingredient page: All-purpose flour (scooped)

Almond flour Spooned and levelled · 96 g per cup · Derived, reproducible

Selected standard: 96 g / US customary cup
Source: King Arthur Baking Ingredient Weight Chart · Tier B — authoritative test-kitchen reference
Source record: Almond flour — density record · 1 mL = 0.4058 g
Record ID: INGREDIENTS-BASE:almond_flour:density
Normalization: 0.4058 g/mL × 236.5882 mL = 96 g
Basis: Density × cup volume
Evidence status: Derived, reproducible — Computed from a stored density record and the cup definition; the arithmetic is shown so you can reproduce it.
Kitchen variability: Moderate variability — Technique and product differences move the result noticeably.
Why this value: Stored density record almond_flour = 0.405768 g/mL; 0.405768 × 236.5882365 mL = 96.0 g, rounded to 96 g per US customary cup.
Last reviewed: August 17, 2026
Dedicated ingredient page: Almond flour

Bread flour Spooned and levelled · 127 g per cup · Attributed to a source family

Selected standard: 127 g / US customary cup
Source: USDA FoodData Central — SR Legacy · Tier A — government / primary quantitative data
Source record: Bread flour — household cup reference · 1 US cup = 127 g
Record ID: USDA-SR:bread-flour-household-cup
Basis: Direct density record
Evidence status: Attributed to a source family — Traceable to the source dataset family through a ChefSolver mapping key; this repository does not retain a numeric record identifier.
Kitchen variability: Moderate variability — Technique and product differences move the result noticeably.
Why this value: Selected from the canonical bread-flour density record used by ChefSolver; packing can materially change the result.
Last reviewed: August 17, 2026

Cake flour Spooned and levelled · 137 g per cup · Derived, reproducible

Selected standard: 137 g / US customary cup
Source: USDA FoodData Central — SR Legacy · Tier A — government / primary quantitative data
Source record: Cake flour — density record · 1 mL = 0.5791 g
Record ID: INGREDIENTS-BASE:cake_flour:density
Normalization: 0.5791 g/mL × 236.5882 mL = 137 g
Basis: Density × cup volume
Evidence status: Derived, reproducible — Computed from a stored density record and the cup definition; the arithmetic is shown so you can reproduce it.
Kitchen variability: Moderate variability — Technique and product differences move the result noticeably.
Why this value: Stored density record cake_flour = 0.579065 g/mL; 0.579065 × 236.5882365 mL = 137.0 g, rounded to 137 g per US customary cup.
Last reviewed: August 17, 2026
Dedicated ingredient page: Cake flour

Chickpea flour Spooned and levelled · 92 g per cup · Derived, reproducible

Selected standard: 92 g / US customary cup
Source: USDA FoodData Central — SR Legacy · Tier A — government / primary quantitative data
Source record: Chickpea flour — density record · 1 mL = 0.3889 g
Record ID: INGREDIENTS-BASE:chickpea_flour:density
Normalization: 0.3889 g/mL × 236.5882 mL = 92 g
Basis: Density × cup volume
Evidence status: Derived, reproducible — Computed from a stored density record and the cup definition; the arithmetic is shown so you can reproduce it.
Kitchen variability: Moderate variability — Technique and product differences move the result noticeably.
Why this value: Stored density record chickpea_flour = 0.388861 g/mL; 0.388861 × 236.5882365 mL = 92.0 g, rounded to 92 g per US customary cup.
Last reviewed: August 17, 2026
Dedicated ingredient page: Chickpea flour

Coconut flour Spooned and levelled · 128 g per cup · Derived, reproducible

Selected standard: 128 g / US customary cup
Source: King Arthur Baking Ingredient Weight Chart · Tier B — authoritative test-kitchen reference
Source record: Coconut flour — density record · 1 mL = 0.541 g
Record ID: INGREDIENTS-BASE:coconut_flour:density
Normalization: 0.541 g/mL × 236.5882 mL = 128 g
Basis: Density × cup volume
Evidence status: Derived, reproducible — Computed from a stored density record and the cup definition; the arithmetic is shown so you can reproduce it.
Kitchen variability: High variability — Technique, particle size or product choice can move the result a lot; weigh if precision matters.
Why this value: Stored density record coconut_flour = 0.541024 g/mL; 0.541024 × 236.5882365 mL = 128.0 g, rounded to 128 g per US customary cup.
Last reviewed: August 17, 2026
Dedicated ingredient page: Coconut flour

Oat flour Spooned and levelled · 104 g per cup · Derived, reproducible

Selected standard: 104 g / US customary cup
Source: USDA FoodData Central — SR Legacy · Tier A — government / primary quantitative data
Source record: Oat flour — density record · 1 mL = 0.4396 g
Record ID: INGREDIENTS-BASE:oat_flour:density
Normalization: 0.4396 g/mL × 236.5882 mL = 104 g
Basis: Density × cup volume
Evidence status: Derived, reproducible — Computed from a stored density record and the cup definition; the arithmetic is shown so you can reproduce it.
Kitchen variability: Moderate variability — Technique and product differences move the result noticeably.
Why this value: Stored density record oat_flour = 0.439582 g/mL; 0.439582 × 236.5882365 mL = 104.0 g, rounded to 104 g per US customary cup.
Last reviewed: August 17, 2026
Dedicated ingredient page: Oat flour

Rice flour Spooned and levelled · 142 g per cup · Derived, reproducible

Selected standard: 142 g / US customary cup
Source: King Arthur Baking Ingredient Weight Chart · Tier B — authoritative test-kitchen reference
Source record: Rice flour — density record · 1 mL = 0.6002 g
Record ID: INGREDIENTS-BASE:rice_flour:density
Normalization: 0.6002 g/mL × 236.5882 mL = 142 g
Basis: Density × cup volume
Evidence status: Derived, reproducible — Computed from a stored density record and the cup definition; the arithmetic is shown so you can reproduce it.
Kitchen variability: Moderate variability — Technique and product differences move the result noticeably.
Why this value: Stored density record rice_flour = 0.600199 g/mL; 0.600199 × 236.5882365 mL = 142.0 g, rounded to 142 g per US customary cup.
Last reviewed: August 17, 2026
Dedicated ingredient page: Rice flour

Rye flour Spooned and levelled · 106 g per cup · Derived, reproducible

Selected standard: 106 g / US customary cup
Source: King Arthur Baking Ingredient Weight Chart · Tier B — authoritative test-kitchen reference
Source record: Rye flour — density record · 1 mL = 0.448 g
Record ID: INGREDIENTS-BASE:rye_flour:density
Normalization: 0.448 g/mL × 236.5882 mL = 106 g
Basis: Density × cup volume
Evidence status: Derived, reproducible — Computed from a stored density record and the cup definition; the arithmetic is shown so you can reproduce it.
Kitchen variability: Moderate variability — Technique and product differences move the result noticeably.
Why this value: Stored density record rye_flour = 0.448036 g/mL; 0.448036 × 236.5882365 mL = 106.0 g, rounded to 106 g per US customary cup.
Last reviewed: August 17, 2026
Dedicated ingredient page: Rye flour

Semolina Spooned and levelled · 167 g per cup · Derived, reproducible

Selected standard: 167 g / US customary cup
Source: USDA FoodData Central — SR Legacy · Tier A — government / primary quantitative data
Source record: Semolina — density record · 1 mL = 0.7059 g
Record ID: INGREDIENTS-BASE:semolina:density
Normalization: 0.7059 g/mL × 236.5882 mL = 167 g
Basis: Density × cup volume
Evidence status: Derived, reproducible — Computed from a stored density record and the cup definition; the arithmetic is shown so you can reproduce it.
Kitchen variability: Moderate variability — Technique and product differences move the result noticeably.
Why this value: Stored density record semolina = 0.705868 g/mL; 0.705868 × 236.5882365 mL = 167.0 g, rounded to 167 g per US customary cup.
Last reviewed: August 17, 2026
Dedicated ingredient page: Semolina

Sifted all-purpose flour Sifted before measuring · 110 g per cup · Documented estimate

Selected standard: 110 g / US customary cup
Source: ChefSolver density audit and normalization protocol · Tier D — reproducible ChefSolver derivation
Source record: Sifted all-purpose flour derivation · 1 US cup = 110 g
Record ID: CHEFSOLVER:SIFTED-AP:2026-07
Basis: Derivation from a related record
Evidence status: Documented estimate — No published record covers this ingredient and state; the value is an explicitly labelled estimate.
Kitchen variability: High variability — Technique, particle size or product choice can move the result a lot; weigh if precision matters.
Why this value: Derived from the all-purpose flour reference after sifting before filling; shown as a high-variability estimate, not a universal constant.
Last reviewed: August 17, 2026
Dedicated ingredient page: Sifted all-purpose flour

Spelt flour Spooned and levelled · 99 g per cup · Derived, reproducible

Selected standard: 99 g / US customary cup
Source: King Arthur Baking Ingredient Weight Chart · Tier B — authoritative test-kitchen reference
Source record: Spelt flour — density record · 1 mL = 0.4184 g
Record ID: INGREDIENTS-BASE:spelt_flour:density
Normalization: 0.4184 g/mL × 236.5882 mL = 99 g
Basis: Density × cup volume
Evidence status: Derived, reproducible — Computed from a stored density record and the cup definition; the arithmetic is shown so you can reproduce it.
Kitchen variability: Moderate variability — Technique and product differences move the result noticeably.
Why this value: Stored density record spelt_flour = 0.418449 g/mL; 0.418449 × 236.5882365 mL = 99.0 g, rounded to 99 g per US customary cup.
Last reviewed: August 17, 2026
Dedicated ingredient page: Spelt flour

Whole wheat flour Spooned and levelled · 120 g per cup · Attributed to a source family

Selected standard: 120 g / US customary cup
Source: USDA FoodData Central — SR Legacy · Tier A — government / primary quantitative data
Source record: Whole-wheat flour — household cup reference · 1 US cup = 120 g
Record ID: USDA-SR:whole-wheat-flour-household-cup
Basis: Direct density record
Evidence status: Attributed to a source family — Traceable to the source dataset family through a ChefSolver mapping key; this repository does not retain a numeric record identifier.
Kitchen variability: Moderate variability — Technique and product differences move the result noticeably.
Why this value: Selected from the canonical whole-wheat flour density record used by ChefSolver.
Last reviewed: August 17, 2026

Brown sugar (packed) Firmly packed · 220 g per cup · Published source record

Selected standard: 220 g / US customary cup
Source: King Arthur Baking Ingredient Weight Chart · Tier B — authoritative test-kitchen reference
Source record: Brown sugar (dark or light, packed) · 1 cup = 213 g
Record ID: KAB:brown-sugar-packed:1-cup
Basis: Source measure with culinary rounding
Evidence status: Published source record — The cited source publishes this measure for this ingredient and state.
Kitchen variability: Moderate variability — Technique and product differences move the result noticeably.
Why this value: Published reference is 213 g; ChefSolver uses 220 g as the packed culinary standard and discloses the practical range.
Last reviewed: August 17, 2026
Dedicated ingredient page: Brown sugar (packed)

Other documented records

220 g per cup — Brown sugar (packed) — density record · USDA FoodData Central · 0.9299 g/mL × 236.5882 mL = 220 g

Coconut sugar As sold, no preparation · 166 g per cup · Derived, reproducible

Selected standard: 166 g / US customary cup
Source: USDA FoodData Central · Tier A — government / primary quantitative data
Source record: Coconut sugar — density record · 1 mL = 0.7 g
Record ID: INGREDIENTS-BASE:coconut_sugar:density
Normalization: 0.7 g/mL × 236.5882 mL = 165.6 g
Basis: Density × cup volume
Evidence status: Derived, reproducible — Computed from a stored density record and the cup definition; the arithmetic is shown so you can reproduce it.
Kitchen variability: Moderate variability — Technique and product differences move the result noticeably.
Why this value: Stored density record coconut_sugar = 0.7 g/mL; 0.7 × 236.5882365 mL = 165.6 g, rounded to 166 g per US customary cup.
Last reviewed: August 17, 2026
Dedicated ingredient page: Coconut sugar

Granulated sugar As sold, no preparation · 200 g per cup · Published source record

Selected standard: 200 g / US customary cup
Source: King Arthur Baking Ingredient Weight Chart · Tier B — authoritative test-kitchen reference
Source record: Sugar (granulated white) · 1 cup = 198 g
Record ID: KAB:sugar-granulated-white:1-cup
Basis: Source measure with culinary rounding
Evidence status: Published source record — The cited source publishes this measure for this ingredient and state.
Kitchen variability: Low variability — Careful measuring changes the result very little.
Why this value: Published reference is 198 g; ChefSolver uses the common 200 g culinary standard.
Last reviewed: August 17, 2026
Dedicated ingredient page: Granulated sugar

Other documented records

200 g per cup — Granulated sugar — density record · USDA FoodData Central · 0.845 g/mL × 236.5882 mL = 199.9 g

Powdered sugar (unsifted) Unsifted · 120 g per cup · Attributed to a source family

Selected standard: 120 g / US customary cup
Source: USDA FoodData Central — SR Legacy · Tier A — government / primary quantitative data
Source record: Powdered sugar, unsifted — household cup reference · 1 US cup = 120 g
Record ID: USDA-SR:powdered-sugar-unsifted-household-cup
Basis: Direct density record
Evidence status: Attributed to a source family — Traceable to the source dataset family through a ChefSolver mapping key; this repository does not retain a numeric record identifier.
Kitchen variability: High variability — Technique, particle size or product choice can move the result a lot; weigh if precision matters.
Why this value: Selected from the unsifted powdered-sugar record; sifted sugar is materially lighter.
Last reviewed: August 17, 2026
Dedicated ingredient page: Powdered sugar (unsifted)

Butter As sold, no preparation · 227 g per cup · Attributed to a source family

Selected standard: 227 g / US customary cup
Source: USDA FoodData Central — SR Legacy · Tier A — government / primary quantitative data
Source record: Butter — household cup reference · 1 US cup = 227 g
Record ID: USDA-SR:butter-household-cup
Basis: Direct density record
Evidence status: Attributed to a source family — Traceable to the source dataset family through a ChefSolver mapping key; this repository does not retain a numeric record identifier.
Kitchen variability: Low variability — Careful measuring changes the result very little.
Why this value: Matches two US sticks and the canonical butter density record.
Last reviewed: August 17, 2026
Dedicated ingredient page: Butter

Other documented records

227 g per cup — Butter — density record · USDA FoodData Central — SR Legacy · 0.959 g/mL × 236.5882 mL = 226.9 g

Olive oil As sold, no preparation · 216 g per cup · Derived, reproducible

Selected standard: 216 g / US customary cup
Source: USDA FoodData Central · Tier A — government / primary quantitative data
Source record: Olive oil — density record · 236.588 mL = 216 g
Record ID: USDA-FDC:olive-oil-density
Normalization: 0.911 g/mL × 236.5882 mL = 215.5 g
Basis: Density normalized to the cup volume
Evidence status: Derived, reproducible — Computed from a stored density record and the cup definition; the arithmetic is shown so you can reproduce it.
Kitchen variability: Low variability — Careful measuring changes the result very little.
Why this value: Derived from the canonical olive-oil density record used by ChefSolver.
Last reviewed: August 17, 2026
Dedicated ingredient page: Olive oil

Vegetable oil As sold, no preparation · 218 g per cup · Attributed to a source family

Selected standard: 218 g / US customary cup
Source: USDA FoodData Central — SR Legacy · Tier A — government / primary quantitative data
Source record: Vegetable oil — household cup reference · 1 US cup = 218 g
Record ID: USDA-SR:vegetable-oil-household-cup
Basis: Direct density record
Evidence status: Attributed to a source family — Traceable to the source dataset family through a ChefSolver mapping key; this repository does not retain a numeric record identifier.
Kitchen variability: Low variability — Careful measuring changes the result very little.
Why this value: Selected from the canonical vegetable-oil density record rather than treating oil as water.
Last reviewed: August 17, 2026
Dedicated ingredient page: Vegetable oil

Other documented records

218 g per cup — Vegetable oil — density record · USDA FoodData Central — SR Legacy · 0.921 g/mL × 236.5882 mL = 217.9 g

Almond milk (unsweetened) As sold, no preparation · 244 g per cup · Derived, reproducible

Selected standard: 244 g / US customary cup
Source: USDA FoodData Central · Tier A — government / primary quantitative data
Source record: Almond milk (unsweetened) — density record · 1 mL = 1.0313 g
Record ID: INGREDIENTS-BASE:almond_milk:density
Normalization: 1.0313 g/mL × 236.5882 mL = 244 g
Basis: Density × cup volume
Evidence status: Derived, reproducible — Computed from a stored density record and the cup definition; the arithmetic is shown so you can reproduce it.
Kitchen variability: Low variability — Careful measuring changes the result very little.
Why this value: Stored density record almond_milk = 1.031329 g/mL; 1.031329 × 236.5882365 mL = 244.0 g, rounded to 244 g per US customary cup.
Last reviewed: August 17, 2026
Dedicated ingredient page: Almond milk (unsweetened)

Coconut milk (canned) Stirred before measuring · 226 g per cup · Derived, reproducible

Selected standard: 226 g / US customary cup
Source: USDA FoodData Central — SR Legacy · Tier A — government / primary quantitative data
Source record: Coconut milk (canned) — density record · 1 mL = 0.9552 g
Record ID: INGREDIENTS-BASE:coconut_milk_canned:density
Normalization: 0.9552 g/mL × 236.5882 mL = 226 g
Basis: Density × cup volume
Evidence status: Derived, reproducible — Computed from a stored density record and the cup definition; the arithmetic is shown so you can reproduce it.
Kitchen variability: Moderate variability — Technique and product differences move the result noticeably.
Why this value: Stored density record coconut_milk_canned = 0.955246 g/mL; 0.955246 × 236.5882365 mL = 226.0 g, rounded to 226 g per US customary cup.
Last reviewed: August 17, 2026
Dedicated ingredient page: Coconut milk (canned)

Evaporated milk As sold, no preparation · 252 g per cup · Derived, reproducible

Selected standard: 252 g / US customary cup
Source: USDA FoodData Central — SR Legacy · Tier A — government / primary quantitative data
Source record: Evaporated milk — density record · 1 mL = 1.0651 g
Record ID: INGREDIENTS-BASE:evaporated_milk:density
Normalization: 1.0651 g/mL × 236.5882 mL = 252 g
Basis: Density × cup volume
Evidence status: Derived, reproducible — Computed from a stored density record and the cup definition; the arithmetic is shown so you can reproduce it.
Kitchen variability: Low variability — Careful measuring changes the result very little.
Why this value: Stored density record evaporated_milk = 1.065142 g/mL; 1.065142 × 236.5882365 mL = 252.0 g, rounded to 252 g per US customary cup.
Last reviewed: August 17, 2026
Dedicated ingredient page: Evaporated milk

Honey As sold, no preparation · 340 g per cup · Published source record

Selected standard: 340 g / US customary cup
Source: King Arthur Baking Ingredient Weight Chart · Tier B — authoritative test-kitchen reference
Source record: Honey · 1 tablespoon = 21 g
Record ID: KAB:honey:1-tbsp
Basis: Source measure scaled to one cup
Evidence status: Published source record — The cited source publishes this measure for this ingredient and state.
Kitchen variability: Moderate variability — Technique and product differences move the result noticeably.
Why this value: The published tablespoon record scales to 336 g per 16 tablespoons; ChefSolver uses the established 340 g culinary reference.
Last reviewed: August 17, 2026
Dedicated ingredient page: Honey

Other documented records

340 g per cup — Honey — density record · ChefSolver ingredient density table · 1.438 g/mL × 236.5882 mL = 340.2 g

Maple syrup As sold, no preparation · 315 g per cup · Derived, reproducible

Selected standard: 315 g / US customary cup
Source: USDA FoodData Central — SR Legacy · Tier A — government / primary quantitative data
Source record: Maple syrup — density record · 1 mL = 1.333 g
Record ID: INGREDIENTS-BASE:maple_syrup:density
Normalization: 1.333 g/mL × 236.5882 mL = 315.4 g
Basis: Density × cup volume
Evidence status: Derived, reproducible — Computed from a stored density record and the cup definition; the arithmetic is shown so you can reproduce it.
Kitchen variability: Low variability — Careful measuring changes the result very little.
Why this value: Stored density record maple_syrup = 1.333 g/mL; 1.333 × 236.5882365 mL = 315.4 g, rounded to 315 g per US customary cup.
Last reviewed: August 17, 2026
Dedicated ingredient page: Maple syrup

Milk (whole) As sold, no preparation · 245 g per cup · Attributed to a source family

Selected standard: 245 g / US customary cup
Source: USDA FoodData Central — SR Legacy · Tier A — government / primary quantitative data
Source record: Milk, whole — household cup reference · 1 US cup = 245 g
Record ID: USDA-SR:whole-milk-household-cup
Basis: Direct density record
Evidence status: Attributed to a source family — Traceable to the source dataset family through a ChefSolver mapping key; this repository does not retain a numeric record identifier.
Kitchen variability: Low variability — Careful measuring changes the result very little.
Why this value: Selected from the canonical whole-milk density record used by ChefSolver.
Last reviewed: August 17, 2026
Dedicated ingredient page: Milk (whole)

Oat milk As sold, no preparation · 244 g per cup · Derived, reproducible

Selected standard: 244 g / US customary cup
Source: USDA FoodData Central · Tier A — government / primary quantitative data
Source record: Oat milk — density record · 1 mL = 1.03 g
Record ID: INGREDIENTS-BASE:milk_oat:density
Normalization: 1.03 g/mL × 236.5882 mL = 243.7 g
Basis: Density × cup volume
Evidence status: Derived, reproducible — Computed from a stored density record and the cup definition; the arithmetic is shown so you can reproduce it.
Kitchen variability: Low variability — Careful measuring changes the result very little.
Why this value: Stored density record milk_oat = 1.03 g/mL; 1.03 × 236.5882365 mL = 243.7 g, rounded to 244 g per US customary cup.
Last reviewed: August 17, 2026
Dedicated ingredient page: Oat milk

Sweetened condensed milk As sold, no preparation · 312 g per cup · Derived, reproducible

Selected standard: 312 g / US customary cup
Source: USDA FoodData Central · Tier A — government / primary quantitative data
Source record: Sweetened condensed milk — density record · 1 mL = 1.32 g
Record ID: INGREDIENTS-BASE:condensed_milk_sweetened:density
Normalization: 1.32 g/mL × 236.5882 mL = 312.3 g
Basis: Density × cup volume
Evidence status: Derived, reproducible — Computed from a stored density record and the cup definition; the arithmetic is shown so you can reproduce it.
Kitchen variability: Low variability — Careful measuring changes the result very little.
Why this value: Stored density record condensed_milk_sweetened = 1.32 g/mL; 1.32 × 236.5882365 mL = 312.3 g, rounded to 312 g per US customary cup.
Last reviewed: August 17, 2026

Water As sold, no preparation · 237 g per cup · Derived, reproducible

Selected standard: 237 g / US customary cup
Source: USDA FoodData Central · Tier A — government / primary quantitative data
Source record: Water — household cup reference · 1 US cup = 237 g
Record ID: USDA-FDC:water-household-cup
Normalization: 1 g/mL × 236.5882 mL = 236.6 g
Basis: Density normalized to the cup volume
Evidence status: Derived, reproducible — Computed from a stored density record and the cup definition; the arithmetic is shown so you can reproduce it.
Kitchen variability: Low variability — Careful measuring changes the result very little.
Why this value: US cup volume normalized at approximately 1.00 g/mL and rounded to the nearest gram.
Last reviewed: August 17, 2026
Dedicated ingredient page: Water

Cottage cheese Stirred before measuring · 227 g per cup · Published source record

Selected standard: 227 g / US customary cup
Source: King Arthur Baking Ingredient Weight Chart · Tier B — authoritative test-kitchen reference
Source record: Cottage cheese · 1/2 cup = 113 g
Record ID: KAB:cottage-cheese:half-cup
Basis: Source measure scaled to one cup
Evidence status: Published source record — The cited source publishes this measure for this ingredient and state.
Kitchen variability: Moderate variability — Technique and product differences move the result noticeably.
Why this value: The published half-cup record scales to 226 g; ChefSolver rounds to 227 g.
Last reviewed: August 17, 2026
Dedicated ingredient page: Cottage cheese

Other documented records

227 g per cup — Cottage cheese — density record · USDA FoodData Central · 0.96 g/mL × 236.5882 mL = 227.1 g

Cream cheese As sold, no preparation · 232 g per cup · Derived, reproducible

Selected standard: 232 g / US customary cup
Source: USDA FoodData Central — SR Legacy · Tier A — government / primary quantitative data
Source record: Cream cheese — density record · 1 mL = 0.981 g
Record ID: INGREDIENTS-BASE:cream_cheese:density
Normalization: 0.981 g/mL × 236.5882 mL = 232.1 g
Basis: Density × cup volume
Evidence status: Derived, reproducible — Computed from a stored density record and the cup definition; the arithmetic is shown so you can reproduce it.
Kitchen variability: Moderate variability — Technique and product differences move the result noticeably.
Why this value: Stored density record cream_cheese = 0.981 g/mL; 0.981 × 236.5882365 mL = 232.1 g, rounded to 232 g per US customary cup.
Last reviewed: August 17, 2026
Dedicated ingredient page: Cream cheese

Greek yogurt (plain) Stirred before measuring · 245 g per cup · Published source record

Selected standard: 245 g / US customary cup
Source: USDA FoodData Central · Tier A — government / primary quantitative data
Source record: Yogurt, Greek, plain, whole milk · 1 US cup = 245 g
Record ID: USDA-FNDDS:11411400
Basis: Published portion weight
Evidence status: Published source record — The cited source publishes this measure for this ingredient and state.
Kitchen variability: Moderate variability — Technique and product differences move the result noticeably.
Why this value: USDA FNDDS 2021-2023 'At A Glance' portion record, food code 11411400 ('Yogurt, Greek, whole milk, plain'), portion '1 cup' = 245 g, read from the workbook shipped in this repository. Replaces an earlier 241 g figure that had no portion record behind it: 241 g was round(236.588 x 1.02), i.e. a restatement of the ingredient record's density rather than a published measurement, and the density itself carried no record ID. The same workbook gives 245 g per cup for the low-fat, nonfat and unspecified-milk plain Greek yogurt codes too, so the value does not depend on which fat level the user has.
Last reviewed: August 17, 2026
Dedicated ingredient page: Greek yogurt (plain)

Other documented records

245 g per cup — Greek yogurt (plain) — density record · USDA FoodData Central · 1.0356 g/mL × 236.5882 mL = 245 g

Plain yogurt (not strained) Stirred before measuring · 245 g per cup · Derived, reproducible

Selected standard: 245 g / US customary cup
Source: USDA FoodData Central — SR Legacy · Tier A — government / primary quantitative data
Source record: Plain yogurt (not strained) — density record · 1 mL = 1.0356 g
Record ID: INGREDIENTS-BASE:yogurt_plain:density
Normalization: 1.0356 g/mL × 236.5882 mL = 245 g
Basis: Density × cup volume
Evidence status: Derived, reproducible — Computed from a stored density record and the cup definition; the arithmetic is shown so you can reproduce it.
Kitchen variability: Moderate variability — Technique and product differences move the result noticeably.
Why this value: Stored density record yogurt_plain = 1.035554 g/mL; 1.035554 × 236.5882365 mL = 245.0 g, rounded to 245 g per US customary cup.
Last reviewed: August 17, 2026
Dedicated ingredient page: Plain yogurt (not strained)

Brown rice (uncooked) Uncooked / dry · 185 g per cup · Derived, reproducible

Selected standard: 185 g / US customary cup
Source: USDA FoodData Central — SR Legacy · Tier A — government / primary quantitative data
Source record: Brown rice (uncooked) — density record · 1 mL = 0.7819 g
Record ID: INGREDIENTS-BASE:rice_brown_dry:density
Normalization: 0.7819 g/mL × 236.5882 mL = 185 g
Basis: Density × cup volume
Evidence status: Derived, reproducible — Computed from a stored density record and the cup definition; the arithmetic is shown so you can reproduce it.
Kitchen variability: Moderate variability — Technique and product differences move the result noticeably.
Why this value: Stored density record rice_brown_dry = 0.781949 g/mL; 0.781949 × 236.5882365 mL = 185.0 g, rounded to 185 g per US customary cup.
Last reviewed: August 17, 2026
Dedicated ingredient page: Brown rice (uncooked)

Instant oats (dry) Uncooked / dry · 76 g per cup · Derived, reproducible

Selected standard: 76 g / US customary cup
Source: USDA FoodData Central · Tier A — government / primary quantitative data
Source record: Instant oats (dry) — density record · 1 mL = 0.32 g
Record ID: INGREDIENTS-BASE:oats_instant_dry:density
Normalization: 0.32 g/mL × 236.5882 mL = 75.7 g
Basis: Density × cup volume
Evidence status: Derived, reproducible — Computed from a stored density record and the cup definition; the arithmetic is shown so you can reproduce it.
Kitchen variability: Moderate variability — Technique and product differences move the result noticeably.
Why this value: Stored density record oats_instant_dry = 0.32 g/mL; 0.32 × 236.5882365 mL = 75.7 g, rounded to 76 g per US customary cup.
Last reviewed: August 17, 2026
Dedicated ingredient page: Instant oats (dry)

Rolled oats Loose fill · 90 g per cup · Published source record

Selected standard: 90 g / US customary cup
Source: King Arthur Baking Ingredient Weight Chart · Tier B — authoritative test-kitchen reference
Source record: Oats (old-fashioned or quick-cooking) · 1 cup = 89 g
Record ID: KAB:oats-old-fashioned:1-cup
Basis: Source measure with culinary rounding
Evidence status: Published source record — The cited source publishes this measure for this ingredient and state.
Kitchen variability: Moderate variability — Technique and product differences move the result noticeably.
Why this value: Published reference is 89 g; ChefSolver rounds to 90 g.
Last reviewed: August 17, 2026
Dedicated ingredient page: Rolled oats

Other documented records

90 g per cup — Rolled oats — density record · ChefSolver ingredient density table · 0.38 g/mL × 236.5882 mL = 89.9 g

Steel-cut oats (dry) Uncooked / dry · 161 g per cup · Derived, reproducible

Selected standard: 161 g / US customary cup
Source: USDA FoodData Central · Tier A — government / primary quantitative data
Source record: Steel-cut oats (dry) — density record · 1 mL = 0.68 g
Record ID: INGREDIENTS-BASE:oats_steelcut_dry:density
Normalization: 0.68 g/mL × 236.5882 mL = 160.9 g
Basis: Density × cup volume
Evidence status: Derived, reproducible — Computed from a stored density record and the cup definition; the arithmetic is shown so you can reproduce it.
Kitchen variability: Moderate variability — Technique and product differences move the result noticeably.
Why this value: Stored density record oats_steelcut_dry = 0.68 g/mL; 0.68 × 236.5882365 mL = 160.9 g, rounded to 161 g per US customary cup.
Last reviewed: August 17, 2026
Dedicated ingredient page: Steel-cut oats (dry)

White rice (cooked) Cooked · 154 g per cup · Derived, reproducible

Selected standard: 154 g / US customary cup
Source: ChefSolver ingredient density table · Tier D — reproducible ChefSolver derivation
Source record: White rice (cooked) — density record · 1 mL = 0.65 g
Record ID: INGREDIENTS-BASE:rice_white_cooked:density
Normalization: 0.65 g/mL × 236.5882 mL = 153.8 g
Basis: Density × cup volume
Evidence status: Derived, reproducible — Computed from a stored density record and the cup definition; the arithmetic is shown so you can reproduce it.
Kitchen variability: High variability — Technique, particle size or product choice can move the result a lot; weigh if precision matters.
Why this value: Stored density record rice_white_cooked = 0.65 g/mL; 0.65 × 236.5882365 mL = 153.8 g, rounded to 154 g per US customary cup.
Last reviewed: August 17, 2026
Dedicated ingredient page: White rice (cooked)

White rice (uncooked) Uncooked / dry · 185 g per cup · Derived, reproducible

Selected standard: 185 g / US customary cup
Source: ChefSolver density audit and normalization protocol · Tier D — reproducible ChefSolver derivation
Source record: Uncooked long-grain white rice density correction · 1 US cup = 185 g
Record ID: CHEFSOLVER:RICE-WHITE-LONG-GRAIN:2026-06
Normalization: 0.7821 g/mL × 236.5882 mL = 185 g
Basis: Repository density audit
Evidence status: Derived, reproducible — Computed from a stored density record and the cup definition; the arithmetic is shown so you can reproduce it.
Kitchen variability: Moderate variability — Technique and product differences move the result noticeably.
Why this value: Value fixed by the repository density audit to replace an invalid water-density fallback.
Last reviewed: August 17, 2026
Dedicated ingredient page: White rice (uncooked)

Almond butter As sold, no preparation · 250 g per cup · Derived, reproducible

Selected standard: 250 g / US customary cup
Source: USDA FoodData Central — SR Legacy · Tier A — government / primary quantitative data
Source record: Almond butter — density record · 1 mL = 1.0567 g
Record ID: INGREDIENTS-BASE:almond_butter:density
Normalization: 1.0567 g/mL × 236.5882 mL = 250 g
Basis: Density × cup volume
Evidence status: Derived, reproducible — Computed from a stored density record and the cup definition; the arithmetic is shown so you can reproduce it.
Kitchen variability: Moderate variability — Technique and product differences move the result noticeably.
Why this value: Stored density record almond_butter = 1.056688 g/mL; 1.056688 × 236.5882365 mL = 250.0 g, rounded to 250 g per US customary cup.
Last reviewed: August 17, 2026
Dedicated ingredient page: Almond butter

Almonds (sliced) Sliced / flaked · 92 g per cup · Derived, reproducible

Selected standard: 92 g / US customary cup
Source: USDA FoodData Central · Tier A — government / primary quantitative data
Source record: Almonds (sliced) — density record · 1 mL = 0.39 g
Record ID: INGREDIENTS-BASE:almonds_sliced:density
Normalization: 0.39 g/mL × 236.5882 mL = 92.3 g
Basis: Density × cup volume
Evidence status: Derived, reproducible — Computed from a stored density record and the cup definition; the arithmetic is shown so you can reproduce it.
Kitchen variability: High variability — Technique, particle size or product choice can move the result a lot; weigh if precision matters.
Why this value: Stored density record almonds_sliced = 0.39 g/mL; 0.39 × 236.5882365 mL = 92.3 g, rounded to 92 g per US customary cup.
Last reviewed: August 17, 2026
Dedicated ingredient page: Almonds (sliced)

Almonds (whole) Whole · 143 g per cup · Derived, reproducible

Selected standard: 143 g / US customary cup
Source: USDA FoodData Central — SR Legacy · Tier A — government / primary quantitative data
Source record: Almonds (whole) — density record · 1 mL = 0.6044 g
Record ID: INGREDIENTS-BASE:almonds_whole:density
Normalization: 0.6044 g/mL × 236.5882 mL = 143 g
Basis: Density × cup volume
Evidence status: Derived, reproducible — Computed from a stored density record and the cup definition; the arithmetic is shown so you can reproduce it.
Kitchen variability: Moderate variability — Technique and product differences move the result noticeably.
Why this value: Stored density record almonds_whole = 0.604426 g/mL; 0.604426 × 236.5882365 mL = 143.0 g, rounded to 143 g per US customary cup.
Last reviewed: August 17, 2026
Dedicated ingredient page: Almonds (whole)

Cashews (chopped) Chopped · 130 g per cup · Derived, reproducible

Selected standard: 130 g / US customary cup
Source: USDA FoodData Central · Tier A — government / primary quantitative data
Source record: Cashews (chopped) — density record · 1 mL = 0.55 g
Record ID: INGREDIENTS-BASE:cashews_chopped:density
Normalization: 0.55 g/mL × 236.5882 mL = 130.1 g
Basis: Density × cup volume
Evidence status: Derived, reproducible — Computed from a stored density record and the cup definition; the arithmetic is shown so you can reproduce it.
Kitchen variability: High variability — Technique, particle size or product choice can move the result a lot; weigh if precision matters.
Why this value: Stored density record cashews_chopped = 0.55 g/mL; 0.55 × 236.5882365 mL = 130.1 g, rounded to 130 g per US customary cup.
Last reviewed: August 17, 2026
Dedicated ingredient page: Cashews (chopped)

Chopped nuts Chopped · 120 g per cup · Documented estimate

Selected standard: 120 g / US customary cup
Source: ChefSolver density audit and normalization protocol · Tier D — reproducible ChefSolver derivation
Source record: Mixed chopped-nut reference range · 1 US cup = 120 g
Record ID: CHEFSOLVER:CHOPPED-NUTS-RANGE:2026-07
Basis: Reference range across subtypes
Evidence status: Documented estimate — No published record covers this ingredient and state; the value is an explicitly labelled estimate.
Kitchen variability: High variability — Technique, particle size or product choice can move the result a lot; weigh if precision matters.
Why this value: Generic chopped nuts vary by nut type and chop size: the specific records on this page run from 92 g (sliced almonds) to 137 g (whole almonds), so the generic value stays labelled high variability. Pick the specific nut record when you know it.
Last reviewed: August 17, 2026

Peanut butter As sold, no preparation · 253 g per cup · Derived, reproducible

Selected standard: 253 g / US customary cup
Source: USDA FoodData Central · Tier A — government / primary quantitative data
Source record: Peanut butter — density record · 1 mL = 1.07 g
Record ID: INGREDIENTS-BASE:peanut_butter:density
Normalization: 1.07 g/mL × 236.5882 mL = 253.1 g
Basis: Density × cup volume
Evidence status: Derived, reproducible — Computed from a stored density record and the cup definition; the arithmetic is shown so you can reproduce it.
Kitchen variability: Moderate variability — Technique and product differences move the result noticeably.
Why this value: Stored density record peanut_butter = 1.07 g/mL; 1.07 × 236.5882365 mL = 253.1 g, rounded to 253 g per US customary cup.
Last reviewed: August 17, 2026
Dedicated ingredient page: Peanut butter

Pecans (chopped) Chopped · 109 g per cup · Derived, reproducible

Selected standard: 109 g / US customary cup
Source: USDA FoodData Central · Tier A — government / primary quantitative data
Source record: Pecans (chopped) — density record · 1 mL = 0.46 g
Record ID: INGREDIENTS-BASE:pecans_chopped:density
Normalization: 0.46 g/mL × 236.5882 mL = 108.8 g
Basis: Density × cup volume
Evidence status: Derived, reproducible — Computed from a stored density record and the cup definition; the arithmetic is shown so you can reproduce it.
Kitchen variability: High variability — Technique, particle size or product choice can move the result a lot; weigh if precision matters.
Why this value: Stored density record pecans_chopped = 0.46 g/mL; 0.46 × 236.5882365 mL = 108.8 g, rounded to 109 g per US customary cup.
Last reviewed: August 17, 2026

Walnuts (chopped) Chopped · 117 g per cup · Derived, reproducible

Selected standard: 117 g / US customary cup
Source: USDA FoodData Central — SR Legacy · Tier A — government / primary quantitative data
Source record: Walnuts (chopped) — density record · 1 mL = 0.4945 g
Record ID: INGREDIENTS-BASE:walnuts_chopped:density
Normalization: 0.4945 g/mL × 236.5882 mL = 117 g
Basis: Density × cup volume
Evidence status: Derived, reproducible — Computed from a stored density record and the cup definition; the arithmetic is shown so you can reproduce it.
Kitchen variability: High variability — Technique, particle size or product choice can move the result a lot; weigh if precision matters.
Why this value: Stored density record walnuts_chopped = 0.49453 g/mL; 0.49453 × 236.5882365 mL = 117.0 g, rounded to 117 g per US customary cup.
Last reviewed: August 17, 2026
Dedicated ingredient page: Walnuts (chopped)

Breadcrumbs (dry) Loose fill · 110 g per cup · Published source record

Selected standard: 110 g / US customary cup
Source: King Arthur Baking Ingredient Weight Chart · Tier B — authoritative test-kitchen reference
Source record: Breadcrumbs (dried) · 1/4 cup = 28 g
Record ID: KAB:breadcrumbs-dried:quarter-cup
Basis: Source measure scaled to one cup
Evidence status: Published source record — The cited source publishes this measure for this ingredient and state.
Kitchen variability: High variability — Technique, particle size or product choice can move the result a lot; weigh if precision matters.
Why this value: The published quarter-cup record scales to 112 g per cup; ChefSolver uses 110 g.
Last reviewed: August 17, 2026
Dedicated ingredient page: Breadcrumbs (dry)

Chocolate chips Loose fill · 170 g per cup · Derived, reproducible

Selected standard: 170 g / US customary cup
Source: King Arthur Baking Ingredient Weight Chart · Tier B — authoritative test-kitchen reference
Source record: Chocolate chips — density record · 1 mL = 0.7185 g
Record ID: INGREDIENTS-BASE:chocolate_chips:density
Normalization: 0.7185 g/mL × 236.5882 mL = 170 g
Basis: Density × cup volume
Evidence status: Derived, reproducible — Computed from a stored density record and the cup definition; the arithmetic is shown so you can reproduce it.
Kitchen variability: Moderate variability — Technique and product differences move the result noticeably.
Why this value: Stored density record chocolate_chips = 0.718548 g/mL; 0.718548 × 236.5882365 mL = 170.0 g, rounded to 170 g per US customary cup.
Last reviewed: August 17, 2026
Dedicated ingredient page: Chocolate chips

Cocoa powder Spooned and levelled · 85 g per cup · Published source record

Selected standard: 85 g / US customary cup
Source: King Arthur Baking Ingredient Weight Chart · Tier B — authoritative test-kitchen reference
Source record: Cocoa (unsweetened) · 1/2 cup = 42 g
Record ID: KAB:cocoa-unsweetened:half-cup
Basis: Source measure scaled to one cup
Evidence status: Published source record — The cited source publishes this measure for this ingredient and state.
Kitchen variability: High variability — Technique, particle size or product choice can move the result a lot; weigh if precision matters.
Why this value: The published half-cup record scales to 84 g per cup; ChefSolver rounds to 85 g.
Last reviewed: August 17, 2026
Dedicated ingredient page: Cocoa powder

Other documented records

85 g per cup — Cocoa powder — density record · ChefSolver ingredient density table · 0.359 g/mL × 236.5882 mL = 84.9 g

Cornstarch Spooned and levelled · 120 g per cup · Attributed to a source family

Selected standard: 120 g / US customary cup
Source: USDA FoodData Central — SR Legacy · Tier A — government / primary quantitative data
Source record: Cornstarch — household cup reference · 1 US cup = 120 g
Record ID: USDA-SR:cornstarch-household-cup
Basis: Direct density record
Evidence status: Attributed to a source family — Traceable to the source dataset family through a ChefSolver mapping key; this repository does not retain a numeric record identifier.
Kitchen variability: High variability — Technique, particle size or product choice can move the result a lot; weigh if precision matters.
Why this value: Selected from the canonical cornstarch density record used by ChefSolver.
Last reviewed: August 17, 2026
Dedicated ingredient page: Cornstarch

Salt (table) As sold, no preparation · 288 g per cup · Published source record

Selected standard: 288 g / US customary cup
Source: King Arthur Baking Ingredient Weight Chart · Tier B — authoritative test-kitchen reference
Source record: Salt (table) · 1 tablespoon = 18 g
Record ID: KAB:salt-table:1-tbsp
Basis: Source measure scaled to one cup
Evidence status: Published source record — The cited source publishes this measure for this ingredient and state.
Kitchen variability: Moderate variability — Technique and product differences move the result noticeably.
Why this value: The published tablespoon record scales exactly to 288 g per 16 tablespoons.
Last reviewed: August 17, 2026
Dedicated ingredient page: Salt (table)

Other documented records

288 g per cup — Salt (table) — density record · ChefSolver ingredient density table · 1.218 g/mL × 236.5882 mL = 288.2 g

Mayonnaise As sold, no preparation · 225 g per cup · Published source record

Selected standard: 225 g / US customary cup
Source: King Arthur Baking Ingredient Weight Chart · Tier B — authoritative test-kitchen reference
Source record: Mayonnaise · 1/2 cup = 113 g
Record ID: KAB:mayonnaise:half-cup
Basis: Source measure scaled to one cup
Evidence status: Published source record — The cited source publishes this measure for this ingredient and state.
Kitchen variability: Moderate variability — Technique and product differences move the result noticeably.
Why this value: The published half-cup record scales to 226 g; ChefSolver uses 225 g.
Last reviewed: August 17, 2026
Dedicated ingredient page: Mayonnaise

Other documented records

225 g per cup — Mayonnaise — density record · ChefSolver ingredient density table · 0.951 g/mL × 236.5882 mL = 225 g

Why cups-to-grams charts disagree

Two charts can print different gram values for the same cup and both be right. These are the differences that actually move the number.

The cup standard: A US customary cup is 236.588 mL, the US legal cup on nutrition labels is 240 mL, the metric cup used in Australia and New Zealand is 250 mL and the old imperial cup is 284.131 mL. The metric cup alone is 5.7% more volume than the US cup.
Packing: Powders compress. The same flour can occupy noticeably less volume once it is pressed or tapped down, so a packed cup weighs more than a spooned one — this repository stores separate packed and unpacked densities where they were recorded, rather than applying one blanket percentage.
Spoon-and-level vs scooping: Spooning flour into the cup and levelling it off gives a lighter cup than dipping the cup into the bag, which compacts as it goes. This page publishes both as separate records instead of averaging them.
Sifted vs unsifted: Sifting aerates a powder, so a sifted cup holds less mass. Recipes that say “1 cup sifted flour” and “1 cup flour, sifted” are asking for different weights.
Ingredient subtype: “Flour” is not one ingredient: cake, all-purpose, bread, whole-wheat, rye and chickpea flours all have different densities. Same for sugars, rices and nuts.
Moisture: Brown sugar, cocoa, oats and nuts pick up and lose water with the weather. A humid kitchen adds mass without adding volume.
Brand and product: Milling, grain size and additives differ between brands. This is exactly what the package-label calibration below is for.
Rounding: Many published charts round to the nearest 5 g. 198 g rounded to 200 g, then scaled to 2 cups, is a 4 g difference created purely by rounding.
Source methodology: A laboratory density record and a test-kitchen weighing answer slightly different questions. Neither is wrong; they need to be labelled so you know which one you are reading.

A real disagreement: 120 g or 125 g of all-purpose flour?

Both figures are documented, and the difference is measurement, not error. ChefSolver publishes the spoon-and-level figure as the standard because that is the method most recipes assume, and keeps the other records visible.

Source	Grams per cup	State and method	Basis	Note
King Arthur Baking Ingredient Weight Chart ChefSolver standard	120 g	Spooned and levelled — Spoon into the cup and level; do not pack	Direct source measure	Direct match to the published spoon-and-level baking reference.
USDA FoodData Central — SR Legacy	125 g	Spooned and levelled — Spoon into the cup and level; do not pack	Density × cup volume	0.528 g/mL × 236.5882 mL = 124.9 g
USDA FoodData Central — SR Legacy	144 g	Scooped or packed — Scoop straight from the bag, or pack firmly	Density × cup volume	0.61 g/mL × 236.5882 mL = 144.3 g

Scooping the cup straight from the bag is a third, separate record — it is published as its own ingredient/state row rather than as a percentage added to the spooned value.

Cup sizes: US, metric and imperial

These are the volumes the calculator uses; changing the cup standard rescales every result. The last column shows what the change does to one cup of all-purpose flour.

Standard	Volume	vs US customary	1 cup AP flour
US customary cup	236.5882 mL	—	120 g
US legal cup (nutrition labels)	240 mL	+1.4 %	122 g
Metric cup (Australia, NZ)	250 mL	+5.7 %	127 g
Imperial cup (older UK)	284.1306 mL	+20.1 %	144 g

The US customary cup volume itself is not a ChefSolver choice — it comes from NIST Guide to the SI, Appendix B.

How ChefSolver calculates cups to grams

One formula, one rounding step, and a record behind every number:

1. Identify the ingredient and its state A record is an ingredient plus a preparation state — “all-purpose flour, spooned and levelled” is a different record from “all-purpose flour, scooped”. Aliases (icing sugar, confectioners' sugar, plain flour, AP flour) resolve to existing records; they never create new values.
2. Prefer a published household measure When a source publishes grams for a household measure of that ingredient in that state, that measure is the standard — no derivation needed.
3. Otherwise normalize the source measurement A published half-cup or tablespoon record is scaled to one cup; a stored density record is multiplied by the cup volume. The arithmetic is shown in the evidence panel so you can reproduce it.
4. Use density only where it is meaningful A density with no recorded packing state is not treated as a competing value for a powder measured by hand — it goes to the audit backlog instead of onto the page.
5. Scale by the cup standard grams = amount × unit volume × (selected grams per cup ÷ 236.588 mL). Tablespoons and teaspoons stay US customary spoons: choosing a metric cup changes what a cup means, not what a tablespoon means.
6. Round once, at the end Internal maths keeps full precision. Display rounds to the nearest gram, or to one decimal below 10 g where a whole gram would be a large relative error. The calculator, the tables and the recipe converter all call the same function, so they cannot disagree.
7. Publish the receipt Every result carries its source, source record, original measurement, record ID, cup definition, measuring method, evidence status and review date — copyable in one click.

Source hierarchy

Every record is labelled with the tier of the source behind it, so a lower tier is never presented as primary data.

Tier	What it means	On this page
A	Tier A — government / primary quantitative data	USDA FoodData Central and SR Legacy records; NIST for the cup definition itself.
B	Tier B — authoritative test-kitchen reference	The King Arthur Baking ingredient weight chart.
C	Tier C — manufacturer or package-specific record	Your own package label, through the calibration tool below — never part of the reference dataset.
D	Tier D — reproducible ChefSolver derivation	ChefSolver derivations from stored density records, with the arithmetic shown.
E	Tier E — explicitly labelled estimate	Explicitly labelled estimates, such as sifted flour and generic chopped nuts.

Sources used on this page: USDA FoodData Central — SR Legacy (A) · USDA FoodData Central (A) · King Arthur Baking Ingredient Weight Chart (B) · ChefSolver density audit and normalization protocol (D) · ChefSolver ingredient density table (D)

What the dataset contains

54 Ingredient and state records
11 Published source records
34 Reproducible derivations
7 Attributed to a source family
2 Labelled estimates

Calibrate from your package label

Nutrition labels give a serving weight for the exact product in your kitchen. Enter it here and this calculator uses your number instead of the reference standard — useful for flours, protein powders and nut butters, where brands genuinely differ.

Label amountLabel unitGrams on the labelConvertUnitCup standard

256 grams

Your product: 256 g / US customary cup
Calculation: 32 g ÷ 29.5735 mL = 1.082 g/mL × 236.5882 mL = 256 g

Custom label conversion — not ChefSolver reference data.

Nothing is saved and the reference dataset is unchanged. Tier C in the source hierarchy: manufacturer or package-specific, accurate for that product only.

Convert a whole recipe

One row per ingredient, converted with the same evidence-backed standards as the calculator above.

Cup standard

Amount	Unit	Ingredient	Grams	Remove row
			120 g
			200 g
			114 g

Rows: 3

Paste recipe lines (one per line)

Lines are parsed for amount, unit and ingredient. When an ingredient name matches more than one record, the row is left for you to choose.

How to measure common baking ingredients

Flour (all-purpose, whole wheat): Spoon flour into the measuring cup with a spoon or scoop, then level off with a straight edge. Never tap the cup or pack the flour — the scooped record on this page is 144 g against 120 g spooned.
Granulated sugar: Pour or scoop directly into the cup and level off. Sugar flows freely and doesn't pack significantly.
Brown sugar: Pack firmly into the cup so it holds the cup's shape when turned out. This is the standard "packed" convention used in most recipes.
Powdered (icing) sugar: Spoon into the cup and level. It often clumps — sift first if the recipe says so, as sifted is noticeably lighter.
Butter: Pack solid butter into the cup or use the water displacement method. Most recipes now give butter in grams or sticks, which is more precise.
Liquids and honey/syrups: Use a liquid measuring cup at eye level. Honey and thick syrups: spray the cup with oil first to help them slide out cleanly.

Frequently asked questions

How many grams is 1 cup of flour?

1 cup of all-purpose flour is 120 g spooned and levelled. Scooped straight from the bag the same cup is 144 g, and bread flour spooned is 127 g — the state matters as much as the flour.

How many grams is 1 cup of sugar?

1 cup of granulated sugar is 200 g. Packed brown sugar is 220 g and unsifted powdered sugar is 120 g — the same volume, very different masses.

How many grams is 1 cup of butter?

1 cup of butter is 227 g, which is two US sticks. Because butter has no meaningful packing state, the figure holds whether it is solid or melted.

Is 1 cup 240 ml or 250 ml?

Both, depending on the standard. The US customary cup that American recipes assume is 236.5882 mL; the US legal cup on nutrition labels is 240 mL; the metric cup used in Australia and New Zealand is 250 mL; the older imperial cup is 284.1306 mL. The calculator above lets you pick.

Why does 1 cup have different gram values?

Because a cup fixes volume, not mass. 1 cup of honey is 340 g while 1 cup of cocoa powder is 85 g — four times lighter for the same space. Within one ingredient, how you fill the cup does the rest.

Is 1 cup of flour 120 g or 125 g?

Both are documented. The published spoon-and-level baking reference gives 120 g, and the stored USDA-family density record works out to 125 g for the same cup. ChefSolver publishes the spoon-and-level figure as the standard and shows the other record next to it — see the source comparison on this page.

Should I weigh ingredients instead of using cups?

For baking, yes. 120 g on a scale is unambiguous; "1 cup of flour" is not, as the 120 g–144 g gap between spooned and scooped shows. Weighing matters most for flour, sugar, cocoa and butter.

How do I convert a whole recipe from cups to grams?

Use the whole-recipe converter on this page: one row per ingredient, or paste your ingredient lines and let it read the amounts, units and ingredient names. It uses exactly the same records as the calculator, so the two can never disagree.

What is 1/2 cup in grams?

It depends on the ingredient: ½ cup all-purpose flour is 60 g, granulated sugar 100 g, butter 114 g, water 119 g, honey 170 g.

What is 1/4 cup in grams?

Again it depends: ¼ cup all-purpose flour is 30 g, granulated sugar 50 g, butter 57 g, water 59 g, honey 85 g.

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